The biodiversity of Southeast Asia is gravely imperilled by drivers including massive habitat modifications, forest fires and the overexploitation of wildlife. This book contains the first comprehensive determination of the current state of Southeast Asia’s terrestrial biotas and highlights the primary drivers responsible for the grave threat to the region’s unique and rich biodiversity. The looming Southeast Asian biodiversity disaster demands tangible actions. However, such will continue to be constrained by socioeconomic variables (e.g. rampant poverty and lack of infrastructure). Any realistic solution should involve a multi-pronged strategy (e.g. political, socioeconomic and scientific), in which all major stakeholders (e.g. people, governments and national and international non-government organisations) must partake.