This book is the first attempt by a social scientist to explain the age-old predicament of Gypsies (or Roma), Eastern Europe’s largest ethnic minority, and their relationship to the region’s states and societies. Professor Barany comparatively examines the Gypsies’ socioeconomic and political marginality and the policies toward them through seven centuries and in seven East European states. He illuminates the reasons why the Roma have consistently occupied the bottom of social, economic, and political hierarchies regardless of historical period or geographic location.