The process of programmed cell death or apoptosis has, in the past decade, been shown to be centrally involved in the pathogenesis of the significant majority of human illnesses and injury states. The cellular attrition observed in most degenerative conditions is apoptotic in nature; conversely a failure of apoptosis has been proposed to underlie many forms of cancer. The central role of apoptosis in human disease clearly brings with it clinical promise; for example, the strong possibility exists that attenuation of apoptotic death will significantly modulate the severity of degenerative disorders. Similarly, conditions, such as cancer, autoimmune disease, psoriasis and endometriosis, in which aberrant cellular proliferation is observed, may benefit from enhanced rates of apoptosis. This book surveys the underlying molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, investigates its role in degenerative and other diseases, and evaluates potential therapies that will permit appropriate activation or inhibition of apoptosis in disease and injury states.