This text brings together an international and interdisciplinary group of experts focusing on both animal models and clinical application in the field of neurology. Coverage includes the brain and spinal cord studied both structurally and functionally; Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and hippocampal amnesia and potential alternatives to freshly derived foetal tissue as the source of transplants. Neural transplantation can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases through a variety of methods, eg, through restoration of the striatal function or by grafting stem cells. The field is at a critical stage in its development particularly in light of ongoing investigations into Parkinson’s disease and alternatives to foetal transplantation.