The collapse of socialist regimes in eastern Europe, between 1989 and 1991, transformed Europe’s international politics. But it proved far easier to dismantle the iron curtain than to clear away the entrenched assumptions of political leaders and foreign policy advisers across western Europe. Contributors to this volume trace the slow and often painful adjustment of national foreign policies to the unification of Germany, the hopeful demands of ex-socialist regimes to ‘rejoin the West’, and the need to redefine NATO and the European Community.