Using primary sources and personal experience, this volume traces the origins of microbiology at the government establishments at Porton Down. Begun in secrecy during World War II, early work concentrated on a response to the threat of biological warfare from Germany. It traces Porton’s pioneering work on deadly diseases such as anthrax, through to the Centre’s modern role in healthcare. It provides a source of information for scientists and historians alike, particularly for those interested in political and military history.