Since artificial intelligence's (AI) inception, AI and neuroscience have influenced each other to advance models of neural circuitry, analyze large and complex datasets, and inform the development of AI algorithms. This bidirectional relationship also has implications for health care as researchers and clinicians begin to explore the role of AI in clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring, and predicting treatment outcomes of central nervous system disorders. The National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a public workshop in March 2024 to explore safe, responsible, and equitable use of AI in neuroscience and identify collaborative strategies for increasing AI literacy, building public trust, and creating accessible user interfaces.

Table of Contents

Front Matter 1 Background and Introduction 2 The Bidirectionality of Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence 3 Research and Development Considerations for Neuroscience and AI 4 Impact of AI in Medical and Clinical Environments 5 Communication and Engagement with the Public and Individuals with Lived or Living CNS Disorder Experience 6 AI Regulation, Policy Advocacy, and Engagement 7 Exploring Future Opportunities for Continued Collaboration Appendix A: References Appendix B: Workshop Agenda