A key step towards reducing the burden of central nervous system (CNS) disorders is the identification of disease-specific biomarkers that can help predict, monitor, and guide treatment development. Recent technological advances have led to an increased number of biomarkers for different CNS disorders, providing the opportunity to generate multimodal biomarkers. While multimodal biomarkers can serve as promising tools to better diagnose and make accurate disease assessments, there remain challenges in current data collection, standardization, and validation practices that impede in their development. Recognizing the need for increased CNS biomarker integration, the National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a public workshop in March 2023 to explore steps toward this goal, including data collection for biomarker discovery, development, validation, and assessment of clinical utility. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the discussions held during the workshop.

Table of Contents

Front Matter 1 Introduction and Background 2 Multimodal Biomarkers for Central Nervous System Disorders 3 Exploring the State of the Science of Multimodal Biomarkers for Central Nervous System Disorders 4 Opportunities for Precision Medicine 5 Standardization and Methodology for Multimodal Biomarkers 6 Regulatory Decision Making 7 Exploring Opportunities to Move Forward Appendix A: References Appendix B: Agenda