Realizing the promise of digital technology will depend on the ability to share information across time and space from multiple devices, sources, systems, and organizations. The major barrier to progress is not technical; rather, it is in the failure of organizational demand and purchasing requirements. In contrast to many other industries, the purchasers of health care technologies have not marshaled their purchasing power to drive interoperability as a key requirement. Better procurement practices, supported by compatible interoperability platforms and architecture, will allow for better, safer patient care; reduced administrative workload for clinicians; protection from cybersecurity attacks; and significant financial savings across multiple markets.

With funding support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, this National Academy of Medicine Special Publication represents a multi-stakeholder exploration of the path toward achieving large-scale interoperability through strategic acquisition of health information technology solutions and devices. In this publication, data exchanges over three environments are identified as critical to achieving interoperability: facility-to-facility (macro-tier); intra-facility (meso-tier); and at point-of-care (micro-tier). The publication further identifies the key characteristics of information exchange involved in health and health care, the nature of the requirements for functional interoperability in care processes, the mapping of those requirements into prevailing contracting practices, the specification of the steps necessary to achieve system-wide interoperability, and the proposal of a roadmap for using procurement specifications to engage those steps. The publication concludes with a series of checklists to be used by health care organizations and other stakeholders to accelerate progress in achieving system-wide interoperability.

Table of Contents

Front Matter Executive Summary I. Why Interoperability is Essential in Health Care II. Interoperability in the Health Ecosystem III. Interoperability Procurement Specification Strategies IV. Transforming the Health IT Marketplace V. Perspectives on the Issue: An NAM Public Symposium VI. Procurement Implementation: Action Checklist References Appendix A: Procuring Interoperability: Technical Supplement Table of Contents Summary of the Technical Supplement Technical Supplement - Section 1: Implementation Strategy for Purchasing Interoperable Systems Technical Supplement - Section 2: N-Squared Diagram Approach to Identifying Interoperability Requirements Technical Supplement - Section 3: Examples of Interoperability Specification Language Technical Supplement - Section 4: Lessons From Other Industries References Appendix B: NAM Stakeholder Meeting Agenda and Participants Appendix C: Biographies of Steering Committee Members and Staff Appendix D: Glossary Initialisms and Abbreviations