The U.S. Army Futures Command (AFC) leads a continuous effort to modernize and innovate to support future warfighters. AFC now oversees Combat Capability Development Command and has recently reorganized certain research offices, laboratories, and engineering centers. In response to this realignment, the Senate Armed Services Committee asked the National Academies’ Board on Army Research and Development to examine these research portfolio changes and assess their impact. This report investigates and assesses the Army’s strategy behind the realignment, discusses the issues with stakeholders, and makes recommendations to ensure the alignment meets with Army modernization priorities.