Cognitive therapy is fast becoming one of the more popular and well respected forms of psychotherapy. In both research and clinical practice, several advantages of cognitive therapy have been identified. Cognitive therapy is structured enough to provide a therapeutic framework for clinicians, as well as a theoretical framework for clinical researchers, yet flexible enough to address an individual’s problems in a highly idio syncratic manner. Accompanying the popularity of cognitive therapy is the expansion of its application beyond the areas in which it was initially developed and validated (the traditional areas of depression and anx iety) to areas where validation has not yet occurred (the nontraditional areas). We strongly believe that such broadening of cognitive therapy should be encouraged, but that conceptual models to guide the therapist and researcher in these areas should be explicated. It is the purpose of this text to provide a conceptual framework for dealing with select, nontraditional populations. The idea and motivation for this text develops from a cognitive therapy interest group in Toronto. All of the authors contributing to this text are involved in this group. We represent a group of cognitive thera pists functioning in a variety of diverse settings, including clinical re search units, general hospital settings, private or public rehabilitation centers, and private practices. Thus, the diversity of referrals for cogni tive therapy within our group is great.