The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coop eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. These proceedings entitled, FATIGUE - ENVIRONMENT AND TEMPER ATURE EFFECT, address the overview of temperature and environmental effects of fatigue, room temperature environmental effects, high temperature and environmental effect - mechanisms, high tempera ture and environmental effect - mechanisms, materials and design-engineering applications. We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Messrs. Joseph Bernier and Dan McNaught of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of the book. The continued active interest and support of these conferences by Dr. E. Wright, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated.