Violence and Miracle in the Fourteenth Century: Private Grief and Public Salvation

As war, pestilence and famine spread through Europe in the Middle Ages, so did reports of miracles, of hopeless victims wondrously saved from disaster. These rescue miracles , recorded by over 100 14th-century cults, are the basis of Michael Goodich’s account of the miraculous in everyday medieval life. Rescue miracles offer a wide range of voices rarely heard in medieval history, from women and children to peasants and urban artisans. They tell of salvation not just from the ravages of nature and war, but from the vagaries of a violent society - crime, unfair judicial practices, domestic squabbles and communal or factional conflict. The stories speak to a collapse of confidence in decaying institutions, from the law to the market to feudal authority. In particular, the miraculous escapes documented during the Hundred Years’ War, the Italian communal wars and other conflicts are testimony to the end of aristocratic warfare and the growing victimization of non-combatants. Miracles, Goodich finds, represent the transcendent and unifying force of faith in a time of widespread distress and the hopeless conditions endured by the common people of the Middle Ages. Just as the lives of the saints, once dismissed as church propaganda, have become valuable to historians, so have rescue miracles, as evidence of an underlying medieval mentality. This work aims to expand our knowledge of that state of mind and the grim conditions that coloured and shaped it.