This work presents the basic arguments and fundamental themes of the political and moral thought of the seventeenth-century philosopher, Samuel Pufendorf–one of the most widely read natural lawyers of the pre-Kantian era. Selections from the texts of Pufendorf’s two major works, Elements of Universal Jurisprudence and The Law of Nature and of Nations, have been brought together to make Pufendorf’s moral and political thought more accessible. The selections included have received a new English translation, the first for both works in roughly sixty years. The editor, a political scientist, and the translator, a philosopher, have developed a volume that is comprehensive and representative of Pufendorf’s thought without being repetitive, fragmented, or obscure.