The Jaipur Literature Festival is certainly one of the great festivals of the world. It draws an amazing array of guests from the Indian subcontinent and beyond. I was fortunate to be able to attend this year’s festival in February and, while there, discovered the work of Josephine Quinn. Historians such as Peter Frankopan and Mary Beard expressed awe at her work and particularly her groundbreaking new book, How the World Made the West.

In the mid 1990s, historian Samuel P. Huntington, in his book The Clash of Civilizations, extolled the virtues of so-called Western civilisation above those of other civilisations. Those ideas were embraced in Australia, and we are home to the Ramsay Centre, which works with universities and schools to promote and study the idea that ‘Western civilisation’ has its roots in classical Rome and Athens and was developed and refined through the ages, culminating in the Enlightenment in Europe.

Quinn, through her research, disputes the idea of discrete, and therefore competing, civilisations. She argues that, ‘There has never been a single, pure Western or European culture.’ Her research, which includes advanced discoveries in DNA, shows that, ‘The West itself is in large part a product of long-standing links with a much larger network of societies.’

The ‘West’ wasn’t just born in Greece and Rome; those cultures borrowed and absorbed ideas and technology from other people: the wheel from the Central-Asian steppe, poetry from Persia, legal codes from Mesopotamia, mathematics from Babylon and India, Mongolian stirrups, gold from sub-Saharan Africa, maritime skills from the people of the Levant and the far north, and religion from Asia. Quinn convincingly argues that the idea of a dominant civilisation is a false one and that history shows how people borrow and adapt ideas and customs from others.