Phaseolus vulgaris L., known as the common bean, is a vegetable crop cultivated worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruits. It has a high economic importance and used for human consumption. This book addresses the use of the beneficial molecular genetic approaches for revealing the genetic diversity levels resided within common beans germplasm. It also discusses common beans phylogenetics. This book is of interest to plant geneticists, plant breeders, researchers, and scientists.