This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the…

Naturalis Historia is an encyclopedia published by Pliny the Elder. It is one of the largest single works to have survived from the Roman Empire to the modern day and…

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfectionssuch as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part…

For students of Latin reading original works by Latin authors can be daunting. Students must remember a seemingly endless array of grammatical rules and vocabulary, and often the material to…

Pliny the Elder’s Natural History is a vast encyclopaedia, surveying natural phenomena from cosmology to biology, medicine to magic. Direct observation, informed speculation and common knowledge are combined to present…

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.

This work is in the public…

The studies collected in Science in the Early Roman Empire (1986) represent key research done on the Elder Pliny - an important and difficult figure whose Natural History forms a…

Pliny the Elder’s fascination with the world around him resulted in his death in the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79, but his Natural History was to remain influential for…