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      Cover image for Review of Testing and Evaluation Methodology for Biological Point Detectors: Abbreviated Summary
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      Review of Testing and Evaluation Methodology for Biological Point Detectors: Abbreviated Summary

      National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Review of Testing and Evaluation Methodology for Biological Point Detectors,National Academy of Sciences

      Examines the testing methodology and facility that the Department of Defense (DOD) aims to use to test and evaluate the effectiveness of its detection system against biological warfare agents. This…

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      Cover image for Wildland Fires: Toward Improved Understanding and Forecasting of Air Quality Impacts: Proceedings of a Workshop
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      Wildland Fires: Toward Improved Understanding and Forecasting of Air Quality Impacts: Proceedings of a Workshop

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate

      Wildland fires pose a growing threat to air quality and human health. Fire is a natural part of many landscapes, but the extent of area burned and the severity of…

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      Cover image for Effective Chemistry Communication in Informal Environments
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      Effective Chemistry Communication in Informal Environments

      National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Science Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology

      Chemistry plays a critical role in daily life, impacting areas such as medicine and health, consumer products, energy production, the ecosystem, and many other areas. Communicating about chemistry in informal…

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      Cover image for International Benchmarking of U.S. Chemical Engineering Research Competitiveness
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      International Benchmarking of U.S. Chemical Engineering Research Competitiveness

      Committee on Benchmarking the Research Competitiveness of the U.S. in Chemical Engineering,National Research Council

      Gauges the standing of the US chemical engineering enterprise in the world. This book presents a benchmarking analysis that is based on measures including numbers of published papers, citations, trends…

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      Cover image for Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security: A Guide to Developing Standard Operating Procedures
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      Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security: A Guide to Developing Standard Operating Procedures

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Chemical Management Toolkit Expansion: Standard Operating Procedures

      The U.S. Department of State charged the Academies with the task of producing a protocol for development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) that would serve as a complement to the…

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      Cover image for A Research Agenda for Transforming Separation Science
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      A Research Agenda for Transforming Separation Science

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on a Research Agenda for a New Era in Separation Science

      Separation science plays a critical role in maintaining our standard of living and quality of life. Many industrial processes and general necessities such as chemicals, medicines, clean water, safe food…

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      Cover image for Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response
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      Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment

      Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting…

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      Cover image for Disrupting Improvised Explosive Device Terror Campaigns: Basic Research Opportunities: A Workshop Report
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      Disrupting Improvised Explosive Device Terror Campaigns: Basic Research Opportunities: A Workshop Report

      Committee on Defeating Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research to Interrupt the IED Delivery Chain,National Research Council

      Countering the threat of improvised explosive devices (IED)s is a challenging, multilayered problem. This book focuses on the human dimension of terror campaigns and also on improving the ability to…

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      Cover image for Soldier Protective Clothing and Equipment: Feasibility of Chemical Testing Using a Fully Articulated Robotic Mannequin
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      Soldier Protective Clothing and Equipment: Feasibility of Chemical Testing Using a Fully Articulated Robotic Mannequin

      Committee on Full-System Testing and Evaluation of Personal Protection Equipment Ensembles in Simulated Chemical-Warfare Environments,National Research Council

      The National Research Council formed an ad hoc committee to evaluate the feasibility of developing an advanced humanoid robot, or Protection Ensemble Test Mannequin (PETMAN). This book argues that although…

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      Cover image for Transforming Combustion Research Through Cyberinfrastructure
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      Transforming Combustion Research Through Cyberinfrastructure

      Committee on Building Cyberinfrastructure for Combustion Research,National Research Council

      Combustion has provided society with most of its energy needs for millennia, from igniting the fires of cave dwellers to propelling the rockets that traveled to the Moon. Even in…

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      Cover image for Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System
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      Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System

      Task Group on Organic Environments in the Solar System,National Research Council,National Academy of Sciences

      Presents a discussion of the chemistry of carbon; an analysis of the formation, modification, and preservation of organic compounds in the solar system; and an assessment of research opportunities and…

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      Cover image for A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives
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      A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives

      Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions: A Framework to Inform Government and Industry Decision,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

      Historically, regulations governing chemical use have often focused on widely used chemicals and acute human health effects of exposure to them, as well as their potential to cause cancer and…

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      Cover image for Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon: Technical Challenges, Regulatory Issues, and Recommendations
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      Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon: Technical Challenges, Regulatory Issues, and Recommendations

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee to Identify Innovative Technologies to Advance Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

      In 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched the Pharmaceutical Quality for the 21st Century Initiative to encourage adoption of innovative technologies that would lead to an agile…

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      Cover image for New Directions for Chemical Engineering
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      New Directions for Chemical Engineering

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Chemical Engineering in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities

      Over the past century, the work of chemical engineers has helped transform societies and the lives of individuals, from the synthetic fertilizers that helped feed the world to the development…

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      Cover image for Safe Science: Promoting a Culture of Safety in Academic Chemical Research
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      Safe Science: Promoting a Culture of Safety in Academic Chemical Research

      National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology

      Recent serious and sometimes fatal accidents in chemical research laboratories at United States universities have driven government agencies, professional societies, industries, and universities themselves to examine the culture of safety…

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      Cover image for Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs
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      Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams

      In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon…

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      Cover image for Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Explosive Precursor Chemicals
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      Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Explosive Precursor Chemicals

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Chemical Explosive Precursors

      Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are a type of unconventional explosive weapon that can be deployed in a variety of ways, and can cause loss of life, injury, and property damage…

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      Cover image for Catalysis for Energy: Fundamental Science and Long-Term Impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences Catalysis Science Program
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      Catalysis for Energy: Fundamental Science and Long-Term Impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences Catalysis Science Program

      Committee on the Review of the Basic Energy Sciences,Catalysis Science Program,National Research Council

      This book presents an in-depth analysis of the investment in catalysis basic research by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Catalysis Science Program. Catalysis…

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      Cover image for Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science
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      Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Identifying Opportunities at the Interface of Chemistry and Quantum Information Science

      The field of quantum information science (QIS) has witnessed a dramatic rise in scientific research activities in the 21st century as excitement has grown about its potential to revolutionize communications…

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      Cover image for Countering the Threat of Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research Opportunities, Abbreviated Version
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      Countering the Threat of Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research Opportunities, Abbreviated Version

      Committee on Defeating Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research to Interrupt the IED Delivery Chain,National Research Council

      Attacks in London, Madrid, Bali, Oklahoma City and other places indicate that improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are among the weapons of choice of terrorists throughout the world. The book suggests…

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      Cover image for Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences
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      Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences

      Committee on Forefronts of Science at the Interface of Physical and Life Sciences,National Research Council

      Traditionally, the natural sciences have been divided into two branches: the biological sciences and the physical sciences. Today, an increasing number of scientists are addressing problems lying at the intersection…

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      Cover image for Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology
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      Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology

      Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers…

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      Cover image for Assuring a Future U.S.-Based Nuclear and Radiochemistry Expertise
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      Assuring a Future U.S.-Based Nuclear and Radiochemistry Expertise

      National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board

      The growing use of nuclear medicine, the potential expansion of nuclear power generation, and the urgent needs to protect the nation against external nuclear threats, to maintain our nuclear weapons…

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      Cover image for Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology
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      Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Life Sciences

      Between 1973 and 2016, the ways to manipulate DNA to endow new characteristics in an organism (that is, biotechnology) have advanced, enabling the development of products that were not previously…

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      Cover image for Research Progress on Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials
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      Research Progress on Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials

      National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Materials and Manufacturing Board,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology

      A report that follows up the 2012 report A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials, which presented a strategic approach for developing the science and…

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      Cover image for Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda
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      Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda

      National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources

      To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, negative emissions technologies (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating…

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      Cover image for Measuring Respirator Use in the Workplace
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      Measuring Respirator Use in the Workplace

      Panel on Review of the National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health,Bureau of Labor Statistics Respirator Use Survey

      Respirators are used in a variety of workplaces including emergency response, mining operations, construction, manufacturing, and hospitals. In 2001, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Bureau of…

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      Cover image for Validation of Toxicogenomic Technologies: A Workshop Summary
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      Validation of Toxicogenomic Technologies: A Workshop Summary

      Committee on Validation of Toxicogenomic Technologies: A Focus on Chemical Classification Strategies,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,National Research Council

      Beginning in the early 1980s, new technologies, began to permit evaluation of the expression of individual genes. Recent technological advances have expanded those evaluations to permit the simultaneous detection of…

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      Cover image for Toxicogenomic Technologies and Risk Assessment of Environmental Carcinogens: A Workshop Summary
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      Toxicogenomic Technologies and Risk Assessment of Environmental Carcinogens: A Workshop Summary

      Committee on How Toxicogenomics Could Inform Critical Issues in Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Board on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

      Toxicogenomics is a discipline that combines expertise in toxicology, genetics, molecular biology, and environmental health to help understand the response of living organisms to stressful environments. The National Research Council…

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      Cover image for Are Chemical Journals Too Expensive and Inaccessible?: A Workshop Summary to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable
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      Are Chemical Journals Too Expensive and Inaccessible?: A Workshop Summary to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable

      National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Chemical Sciences Roundtable

      On October 25-26, 2005, the Chemical Sciences Roundtable held a workshop to explore issues involving those who use and contribute to chemical literature, as well as those who publish and…

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