This textbook describes, with the necessary mathematical formalism, all cognitive areas related to modern physics, starting from the formulation of the scientific method to the crisis of classical physics in the second half of the nineteenth century. These areas range from mechanics to fluid dynamics, thermodynamics to optics, oscillatory phenomena to electromagnetism, and are interconnected by the cognitive matrix of experimental physics and the evolution of human society over the centuries. Therefore, the book stands as a springboard toward the understanding of contemporary physics, which arose as an outgrowth and extension of classical physics, and toward the knowledge of all those technological fields that, even today, are based on the applications of the theories set forth in this paper.