The MEI@ND has undertaken this volume towards encouraging and shaping young and budding scholars of Middle East studies. This is the second volume in the series followed by the first on Islamic Movements in the Middle East published in 2019. The volume is not an exhaustive work on all aspects of political violence in MENA. Instead, it provides insights into specific instances of political violence and examines their causes and consequences within a specific time and space. The volume comprises nine chapters encompassing important regional countries such as Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Libya and Yemen. The introductory chapter puts the context for the causes and consequences of political violence for a better comprehension of the issue. This volume is an invaluable companion for the academia, students of international relations and Middle East studies, and the general readership as well.

The MEI@ND and the editors would like to acknowledge the support and encouragement of the trustees of the Forum for Middle Eastern Studies (FMES), namely, D Shyam Babu, G V C Naidu, Sreeradha Datta, and Atul Kumar. The support of the members of the Academic Council of MEI@ND, especially, its chair C Uday Bhaskar, has been significant in our academic journey. The editors also acknowledge the diligent work of KW Publishers Pvt Ltd and its team, especially of Kalpana Shukla, and Kishan Lal, and the copy editor Rehana Mishra in improving the quality of the manuscript.