The Council of Europe Convention on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar crimes involving threats to public health aims at the criminalization of certain activities because of the danger they pose to public health: the manufacturing of counterfeit medical products; supplying, offering to supply and trafficking in counterfeit medical products; the falsification of documents linked to medical products; the unauthorized manufacturing or supplying of medicinal products and the marketing of medical devices that do not comply with conformity requirements. The Convention also covers preventive measures and addresses the legal situation of victims of the above-mentioned crimes. The Convention is the first international criminal law instrument in its field, providing States Parties with a clear legal framework to combat the serious and increasing threat to public health posed by the counterfeiting of medical products and other dangerous practices.