In the aftermath of COVID-19 (coronavirus), African countries will need to intensify their resource mobilization efforts to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. The Economic Development in Africa Report 2020 adopts a multi-disciplinary methodology to tackle the relationship between illicit financial flows (IFFs) and the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development in Africa. Its inclusive approach integrates a gender lens and gives voice to multiple vantage points, from civil society to firms doing business in Africa. Building on established measures of IFFs, the Report provides new insights on country estimates of export misinvoicing on the continent and highlights specific characteristics of mineral commodities. It also underlines some of the motivations and root causes of IFFs.