This publication was produced as part of the IAEA’s Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments (MODARIA I and MODARIA II) programmes. It summarizes the activities of the Working Groups that considered the application of modelling to estimate radiation exposure of wildlife, and the effects of such exposure on wildlife populations. The fitness for purpose of available models and tools for estimating wildlife exposures was assessed. On the basis of the evaluations carried out, a number of models and tools are proposed for use by assessors and it can be concluded that the commonly used models are generally fit for purpose for screening level assessments. Modelling approaches for estimating population dynamics and radiation dose effects on populations of wildlife are also addressed.