This publication provides the state of the art and practices of paleoseismology, and supports Member States in the implementation of the provisions of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-9, Seismic Hazards in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations, in establishing the necessary earthquake database required for seismic hazard assessment/reassessment. Paleoseismology is strongly recommended to obtain information on past earthquakes for a sufficient long period and comes under the category of a pre-historical database. Moreover, there is a need to provide detailed guidelines to implement this recommendation in developing the comprehensive database. The publication will also support the needs of Member States to implement the provision of paleoseismology as a post Fukushima action.