Counterfeit and fraudulent items (CFls) are of increasing concern in the nuclear industry and generally throughout the industrial and commercial supply chains. Experience has shown that a lack of control of the processes involved in the sourcing, receipt, use and/or disposal of items can lead to the introduction of counterfeit or fraudulent items into a nuclear facility. This publication is designed to assist Member State organizations to prevent, detect and address CFIs on an ongoing basis. It provides users with recognized good practices for the introduction of a programme to effectively manage CFIs in the nuclear industry.