These proceedings present the outcome of the 2015 IAEA international conference on the management of spent fuel from nuclear power reactors. Achievements and lessons learned in connection with the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle and associated challenges were shared and reviewed. The conference was organized around seven themes, covering spent fuel management strategies; status and challenges in an integrated approach; safety aspects of spent fuel management; ageing management programmes; storage options in support of an integrated approach; impact of the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle on the back end; and research and development required to deliver an integrated approach. Key goals were to raise awareness on how developments in power generation and availability of disposal can impact on spent fuel management, to evaluate the advances in management of spent fuel from power reactors since the inception of IAEA conferences on this topic, and to identify pending issues and anticipated future challenges. The main ideas and messages expressed and discussed at the conference are presented in the opening addresses, the session summaries and the President’s summary and conclusions of the conference. The attached CD contains the papers and posters presented at the conference.