There are critical needs for advanced materials in the area of biomaterial engineering, primarily in generating biomaterials of enhanced specific functionalities, improved biocompatibility and minimal natural rejection and with enhanced interfacial adhesion. These can be achieved by the introduction of proper functionalities at the nanoscale dimension. Radiation techniques are uniquely suited for such a task due to their favourable characteristics. This publication presents the results of an IAEA coordinated research project on nanoscale radiation engineering of advanced materials for potential biomedical applications, summarizing the achievements of the participating institutions.