This volume of the Erasmi Opera Omnia contains the critical edition of Erasmus’ polemics with the Italian layman Alberto Pio, Prince of Carpi, about Erasmus’ New Testament Project, in particular his Paraphrases, and also his former successful works, such as his Enchiridion and Moriae encomium. Erasmus was very annoyed that a layman had criticised his theological works and, moreover, had suggested that Erasmus’ theological and moral views came suspiciously close to Luther’s. Erasmus also blamed his opponent for not reading the earlier defences of his views in his polemics with Beda, Stunica and the Spanish monks.