This work makes both a historical and legal analysis of the process leading up to the 1973 adoption by Argentina and Uruguay of the Treaty concerning the Rio de la Plata and its Maritime Front, a wide watercourse that between the 16th and 19th century was object of rivalry between Spain and Portugal, Great Britain and France, continuing later between the South American countries, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The book makes a legal interpretation of the innovative solutions adopted by the Treaty for the River, the Common Fishing Zone in the adjacent sea, the Bi-national Commissions and other matters including its subsequent application, thus providing a systematic and updated insight into navigation, fisheries and pollution prevention among other uses.