This text explores a first attempt to investigate the criticism of the Gospels, hardly considered within the previous research work of the Islamic scholar Ibn Hazm (d. 1064) referring to its methodological and socio-cultural background. After analyzing Ibn Hazm’s understanding of Aristotelian logic, the reproaches he raises against Christianity are discussed. The topics include falsification of the Gospels, the irrationality of their contents and of the whole Christian religion. In conclusion the question of the main purpose of its anti-Christian polemic arises in the light of the background of the special socio-political situation in Arabic Andalusia.