This book provides a comprehensive overview of Anopheles mosquitoes and their role in malaria transmission. It covers the taxonomy and species diversity of Anopheles, their lifecycle, and the ecological factors influencing their abundance. The book discusses the impact of Anopheles on human health, past and present vector control strategies, and the challenges of insecticide resistance. It explores genetic insights into Anopheles biology, the effects of urbanization, and novel control approaches. Additionally, it emphasizes community engagement, surveillance, and global efforts to combat malaria, while addressing the socioeconomic and cultural aspects of the disease and future research directions.