The aim of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the factors influencing malnutrition in children under five in Djibouti, in order to guide infant and child health programs. Using data from the second Djibouti Health and Family Survey(EDSF2, 2012), the study's analyses show that malnutrition affects children whose mothers live in rural areas, in the Dikhil and Obock regions. These are children from poor households, whose mothers' age at delivery is 35 and over, and whose children are of rank 5 and over.Next, the explanatory analysis reveals that place of residence, region of residence, household standard of living, immunization, quality of drinking water and birth rank are the variables that explain child mortality. These are the variables that explain child malnutrition at national level, and a positive relationship was found between poverty and children's school attendance.