Smoking is a public health problem. Medical residents are one category concerned by this scourge. Our aim was to study the epidemiological factors of smoking, smoking habits, and the practice of minimal smoking cessation advice towards their patients. The total number of residents in all specialties at Sfax University Hospital during the study period was 285, with an overall participation rate of 77.98%. The highest percentage of residents surveyed was female (52.70%). The group of smokers was represented by 73 residents, 97.26% of whom were male. The age group most affected was between 27 and 29. The majority of smoking residents were in surgical specialties, with a prevalence of 73.33. Only 8.22% of smoking residents had a strong desire to stop smoking at the time of the survey. The majority of residents were in favor of banning tobacco advertising and use in public places and hospitals. All residents are in favor of training medical and paramedical staff in smoking cessation.