Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are inflammatory diseases characterized by the destruction of periodontal and peri-implant tissues, respectively, primarily driven by microbial dysbiosis. Conventional treatments often involve mechanical debridement supplemented with antibiotics, but concerns over antibiotic resistance have prompted exploration into alternative therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT).aPDT involves the use of a photosensitizer, typically a dye or a light-activated compound, which, when exposed to a specific wavelength of light, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS cause damage to bacterial cell membranes, proteins, and DNA, leading to microbial death.