This work aims to contribute to the sustainability of universal health coverage schemes by proposing models for minimizing behavioral deviance in the deployment of these schemes. The overall aim is to understand the factors that explain deviant behavior in the implementation of these programs, in order to propose measures to reduce their scale. To this end, a qualitative research approach was adopted, with the following methods of investigation: literature review, document review, participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that: the stakes involved in implementing universal health coverage programs are political, economic, socio-cultural and health-related; the behavioral deviations observable in the context of these programs can take various forms depending on the actor concerned; these counter-normative behaviors are dependent on the stakes involved and can be explained by a multitude of factors. Corrective measures for the deviances studied are formulated, along with an explanatory model and a control model for these deviances.