Folklore with the preservation of local customs and interculturality with inculturation are concerned with the study of nativity scenes, which takes on significance at Christmas time. In addition, the study of nativity scenes is of interest in the preservation and appreciation of cultural-religious competence as an element of the representation of biblical events at Christmas time. The authors present the connection from this dual perspective resulting from their educational biography. The context is seen as enriching the view of a nativity story. The history of the nativity scene, nativity scene concepts and customs in Tyrol are discussed. The cultural-religious dimension and a folkloristic museum study conclude the study, which sets personal priorities and deals with the specialist literature.