This book aims to introduce the theory of causality to scientists, academics and the curious. It is written for those interested in causality as a philosophical, scientific and mathematical principle. No special mathematical knowledge is required to read this book.The book introduces mathematical and philosophical concepts useful for understanding causality. These concepts are then used in a simple and concise predictive model. We hope that this text will arouse the reader's interest and curiosity in a fundamental area that is little modeled.