Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pathology of lesser known etiology associated with significant maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. The discovery of the details of its pathophysiology removes its age-old name of "hypothesis disease". Several attempts to manage it are in perpetual validation. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a significant risk of preeclampsia. The relationship between the classical and non-classical genomic effects of vitamin D in the pathogenic process of preeclampsia as described constitutes a body of knowledge that deserves to be recalled and explored in depth in order to establish in vivo the clinical benefits that may be exploited by the clinician with the aim of recommending, on the basis of evidence, an efficient management of this gravid pathology. Primary and secondary prevention of preeclampsia is therefore a major public health issue.