In this book, the required applications for energy efficiency improvement and energy saving are given with their payback period calculations by examining the present situation of a University Hospital. Energy saving practices especially emphasizing on electricity and fuel consumption are presented with examples. Furthermore, investigations on use of cogeneration/trigeneration system and renewable energy sources considering the geological location of the hospital are performed. A software program that tracks and analyzes the electricity bills, suggests the best electricity tariff and controls the active and reactive power rates to protect paying any punishment is developed. The properties of heat center, cooling and air conditioning system, air handling unit, lighting system, transformer, uninterruptible power supply, generator, water system, compressor and all electric motors in the hospital are reported after investigations. The estimated new energy consumption rates after suggested energy efficiency saving, improvement and energy management opportunities are compared with the present energy consumption rates.