This Special Issue reprint delves into the dynamic world of robotic systems, offering a comprehensive exploration of the latest advancements in modeling, optimization, and control. Robotics has emerged as a transformative field with applications spanning from industrial automation to healthcare and beyond. In this collection, leading researchers and practitioners present their cutting-edge work, shedding light on the intricate processes involved in designing, optimizing, and controlling robotic systems. From intricate mathematical models that capture the complex dynamics of robotic manipulators to innovative optimization techniques that enhance efficiency and performance, each contribution in this reprint offers valuable insights into the state-of-the-art methodologies shaping the future of robotics. The interdisciplinary nature of the field is highlighted, with discussions spanning areas such as mechanical design, electrical engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence. Readers will find a diverse array of topics covered, including trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles, learning-based control strategies for humanoid robots, adaptive control algorithms for flexible manipulators, and many more. Through a blend of theoretical analysis, practical applications, and experimental validation, this reprint provides a comprehensive overview of the latest trends and challenges in the field of robotic systems.