For more than a decade, ‘Decentralization’ and ‘Human Resource Development’ have become indispensable dimensions on many countries’ socio-economic development agenda, particularly on system-wide public sector management reform. This book sought to explore and understand the human resource development challenges facing the organizations. The central argument in this concept is that decentralization is in both theory and practices a means to improving good administrative work and provision of high quality services that citizen’s value. However, this assumption is contingent upon its design, and more importantly the institutional and human resource capacity arrangements governing the organization we work. This book attempts to understand the gap that exists in decentralization and the administrative work of the organization.However, centralization causes a gap in decision space (delay) in the organization. Aside of other challenges, there is also policy failure, as the organization could not meet the human resource requirement.