This volume, which is the output of a DAAD-funded collaboration between the University of Siegen and the Hanoi National University of Education, discusses and summarizes theoretical foundations of common grounds of mathematics and physics education. This interdisciplinary perspective enables especially teachers who have only been trained in one of these subjects to enrich their pedagogical content knowledge. The starting point is a description of characteristics of the disciplines and their historical genesis, followed by comparative studies. This edited volume brings together thirteen stimulating contributions on educational aspects of both disciplines written jointly by experienced researchers from Germany and Vietnam.