In the medical ?eld, personalmedical feature data,especially digitalimages,can be referred to as medical biometrics. Such data are produced in ever-increasing quantities and used for diagnostics and therapy purposes. Medical biometric research aims to use personal medical features in di?erent formats such as - ages, signals and other sources to solve medical problems and to provide hi- performance services in the medical ?eld. Medical biometric systems integrate multidisciplinary technologies in biology, medicine, electronics, computing, and statistics. The importance of computer-aided diagnosis and therapy has drawn moreandmoreattentionworldwideandlaidthefoundationformodernmedicine withexcellentpotentialforpromisingapplicationssuchastelemedicineandW- based healthcare. The2010InternationalConferenceonMedicalBiometrics(ICMB2010)placed emphasis on e?cient and e?ective medical biometric technologies and systems. It provided a central forum for researchers,engineers and vendors from di?erent disciplines to exchange the most recent results, identify future directions and challenges, and initiate possible collaborative research and system development. We are pleased that this conference attracted a large number of high-quality research papers that re?ect the increasing interests and popularity in this fa- growing ?eld. The conference proceedingscontain 45 papers which were selected through a strict review process, with an acceptance rate at 38%. Each paper was assessed by three independent reviewers. All of the accepted papers were presented in either oral (20) or poster (25) sessions at the conference in conju- tion with three special sessions on State-of-the-Art of Computer-Aided Det- tion/Diagnosis (CAD), Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and E?ective Healthcare.