The M-current (of the KCNQ2/3 channel) is voltage- gated potassium current that controls neuronal excitability. Mutations of the KCNQ2/KCNQ3 genes cause BFNC, a neonatal form of epilepsy. Despite substantial research, we do not understand yet the mechanisms by which M-channels modulate neuronal excitability. This book, therefore, evaluates the impact of these channels on the excitability of hippocampal neurons and transmitter release. It appraises the impact of M-channels on spontaneous excitatory/inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs/sIPSCs), as well as miniature EPSCs/IPSCs. It also assesses the possible contribution of somatic versus axonal/presynaptic M-channels to transmitter release, and explores a possible functional interaction between M-channels and SNARE proteins such as syntaxin-1A. This book should provide a basic understanding of the pathophysiological processes of neuronal hyperexcitability and also afford a therapeutic potential for the treatment of major neurological disorders like epilepsy, migraine or neuropathic pain. The book is appointed to scientists and to any person who is interested in this field.