Centering around a black social movement that W.E.B. DuBois started in 1905, this book is a case study that focuses on the Niagara Movement in order to analyze the patriarchy, sexism, and socially constructed gender ideology that formulates black social movements past and present. This book offers an in-depth study of the exclusion of black women from the Niagara Movement, focusing especially on how black womens exclusion shaped the Movement. I argue that by applying black feminist theory to the theoretical foundation of the Niagara Movement, it can be reconfigured to reflect the needs of the collective U.S. black community and thus serve as a template for present and future black social movements.