This volume is dedicated to Doctor Shuji Saito to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his first paper on polymer-surfactant interaction published in the former Kolloid Zeitschrift, now called Colloid and Polymer Science. It is a collection of papers written by experts who contributed to the progress in this field. The papers introduce typical problems associated with systems of nonionic polymers and ionic surfactants, polymers and surfactants of opposite charge, charged polymers and nonionic surfactants, and of surfactant-responsive polymer gels. Papers on mixtures of natural polymers and surfactants, drugs, dyes and other cosolutes are also included. The book is an indispensable tool for physical, surface, polymer and colloid chemists; material scientists; chemical physicists; biochemists and biophysicists; and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.