The tension between gun ownership and bourgeois self-image is at the center of the contributions, which are primarily oriented towards the early modern era. In addition to civil rights, which were recorded in civil registers and required gun ownership, the strategies of civil arms acquisition are also examined. Another focus is on the locations of the weapons in the city: civil shooting ranges, armories and powder towers were to be found in many cities. The guns in the hands of the citizens also led to problems, which in turn were reflected in court files. Various groups of residents in the city are also presented according to their relationship to gun ownership: Clerics and Jews, contrary to what the norms provided for, had multiple uses of guns.