The present volume offers the first scholarly discussion of Gunter Luling’s (1928-2014) work. Luling’s views, long passages of the Qur'an are originally mere reworking of pre-Islamic Christian hymns have not received the scholarly attention they deserve, since they were published at the beginning of the 70s of the previous century. Luling attempted to reconstruct an Ur-Qur'an in order to show that Islam emerged in a Christian context in Mecca. He also believed that Muhammad converted from Trinitarian Christianity to paganism and that the Kaaba was a church. Luling’s hermeneutical approach to the Qur'an and other Arabic sources on early Islam is, for the first time, the subject of the studies included in the present book. In addition, the volume offers interesting insights in the law case which accompanied the publication of Luling’s work.