Legume crops are grown worldwide and provide a major source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and dietary minerals. Legume crops also play an important role in international trade. Genetic improvement has been a key to the growth of crop production, and it continuously contributes to sustainable agriculture and food security. Presently, plant genetic improvement is in the middle of evolution from field-based traditional breeding to a new era of application of multiple novel techniques such as marker-assisted selection, genomic prediction, and gene editing, which are integrated with conventional methods in practical breeding. This Reprint contains fifteen research articles and a review paper that address a wide range of research topics in legume crops. The research involved all the traits of importance, including yield, quality, resistance to pests and diseases, and abiotic stresses. This Reprint can be used as a source of information for future work.