Certain families of materials have been strongly investigated in the last decades. Among them, layered materials, as Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) and clays, have received intense attention. A lot of work has been devoted to the development and improvement of their synthesis, purification and modification, on their characterization, and, on the other hand, on their applications, as adsorbents or (photo)catalysts, among other uses. The group of research on Solid State Chemistry, Materials Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis, created and headed by Professor Vicente Rives at the University of Salamanca (Spain), has intensely worked on these and related subjects during the last forty years. Thus, this This Special Issue, "A Themed Issue in Honor of Prof. Dr. Vicente Rives", is dedicated to Prof. Rives on his retirement. It consists of eighteen peer-reviewed papers (six review papers and twelve research papers), in which the authors revise on the applications of different materials or report their last research results, these papers covering materials as LDH, clays, carbons, g-C3N4 or silica, and applications as catalysis and photocatalysis, capture of CO2, preparation of advanced supercapacitors or preparation of nanoparticle black pigments for ceramic industry, and conservation of Cultural Heritage. The readers may find very interesting papers written by top groups in these research fields.